The convention has been adopted of prefixing a superscript " D to any section or exercise which will probably be difficult for a beginner, and a superscript " A to any section or exercise which presupposes familiarity with a topic that has not been carefully explained in the text. The five chapters of the book can be covered in two semesters, but, for a one-semester course, Chapters 1 through 3 will be quite adequate (omitting, if hurried, Sections 5 and 6 of Chapter 1 and Sections 10, 11, and 12 of Chapter 2). After all, if we are to be expelled from "Cantor's paradise" (as non-constructive set theory was called by Hilbert), at least we should know what we are missing. The significance of a demand for constructive proofs can be evaluated only after a certain amount of experience with mathematical logic has been obtained. In the belief that beginners should be exposed to the most natural and easiest proofs, free-swinging set-theoretic methods have been used.
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC FREE DOWNLOAD FULL
In order to give a full and precise treatment of the more important basic subjects, certain subsidiary topics, such as modal, combinatory, and intuitionistic logics, and some interesting advanced topics, such as degrees of recursive unsolvability, have had to be omitted. In this book we have attempted to present a compact introduction to some of the principal topics of mathematical logic. I am particularly indebted to Professor Frank Cannonito for much helpful advice. I should like to thank the many people who have given me suggestions for corrections and improvement. With all these changes, I have attempted to preserve the spirit of the original book, which was intended to be a simple, clear introduction to mathematical logic unencumbered by excessive notation and terminology. Completely new is a section at the end of the book, Answers to Selected Exercises, which should improve the usefulness of the book as a textbook as well as for independent study. There are 389 exercises, many of them consisting of several parts. The greatest change has been the addition of a large number of exercises. For example, in Chapter 2 there are two new sections on model theory devoted to elementary equivalence and elementary extensions and to ultrapowers and nonstandard analysis. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION This new edition contains considerable improvements over the first edition. Van Nostrand Company 135 West 50th Street, New York, N.Y. Manufactured in the United States of America. No part of this work covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems-without written permission of the publisher. Certain portions of this work copyright O 1964 by Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-65959 ISBN: 7-9 All rights reserved.
Van Nostrand Company International Offices: London Toronto MelbourneĬopyright 01979 by Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. Van Nostrand Company Regional Offices: New York Cincinnati D.
Introduction to Mathematical Logic Second Edition D. Van Nostrand Co. New York 1979ĭ.
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